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Chances are you hear the term bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, soil, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far away.

Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is done by high-powered computers which solve complex computational science issues (read: so complex that they cannot be solved by hand). The luck and work demanded by a computer to solve one of those problems is that the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.

The end result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers resolve these intricate mathematics issues on the bitcoin networkthey produce new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground. And second, by solving computational math problems, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network trustworthy and secure, by verifying its transaction information. .

Theres a good chance all that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining works in greater detail, lets begin with a procedure thats just a little bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.

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Consumers tend to trust printed currencies, at least in the United States. Thats because the U.S. dollar is backed by a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of additional responsibilities, the Federal Reserve regulates the production of new money and prosecutes the usage of counterfeit currency. .

Even electronic payments using the U.S. buck are backed by a central authority. When you make an online order using your debit card or credit card, by way of example, that transaction is processed by means of a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, these companies verify that transactions are not fraudulent, and that's one reason that your debit or credit card may be suspended while traveling. .

Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not controlled by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is backed by millions of computers across the world known as miners. This network of computers performs the identical function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but with a few important differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.

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When someone makes a purchase or purchase using bitcoin, we call a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale systems, and bodily receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the exact same effect without these institutions by clumping transactions together in blocks and adding them into a public document called the blockchain. . you could look here

When bitcoin miners add a new block of transactions to the blockchain, part of their job is to ensure that these transactions are accurate. (More on the magic of how this happens in a second.) In particular, bitcoin miners be sure that bitcoin are not being duplicated, a unique quirk of electronic currencies known as double-spending.

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Once you spend $20 at the shop, that bill is in the clerks hands. With digital currency, however, it's a different story. .

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Digital information can be reproduced relatively easily, so with bitcoin and other electronic currencies, there's a risk that a spender can make backup of their bitcoin and send it to another party while holding onto the original. Let us return to printed currency for a moment and say someone tried to replicate their $20 bill in order to spend the original and the counterfeit in a supermarket store.

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When the numbers were identical, the clerk could know the money had been replicated. This analogy is very similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they confirm new transactions. .

With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, however, verifying each of these transactions can be a great deal of work for miners, which gets at one other crucial difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are given bitcoin whenever they add a new block of transactions to the blockchain.

In 2009, it had been 50. In 2013, it was 25, in the time of writing it is 12.5, and sometime in the middle of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .

At this speed of halving, the total number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and valuable over time but also more expensive for miners to make.

Here is the catch. In order to get bitcoin miners to actually earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things must happen. First, they must confirm 1 megabyte (MB) value of transactions, which can technically be as small as 1 transaction but are far more often several thousand, depending on how much information each transaction stores.

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